Connect with us
background

Marine Life & Conservation

Of grazers, browsers, scrapers and a miracle plant called Vetiver

Published

on

Guest article by Greet Meulepas who lives in Mauritius…

About 25% of reef fishes are herbivores, grazing on algae that would otherwise smother the corals.

In ‘Reef Fish Behavior’, a wonderful book written by Ned Deloach and Paul Humann, published in1999 the writers state “If left ungrazed, the competitively superior algae would quickly smother existing corals and blanket reef rock, leaving nowhere for coral larvae to settle and establish new colonies.” They also state that due to “continued overfishing and nutrient-rich run-off from coastal development and agriculture algae continue to dominate the reefs in many areas”. These facts were known 22 years ago and still hold today. Yet these days it is easy to blame climate change as the sole culprit for the disappearance of the reefs. Truth is that reefs are even more susceptible to temperature rises because they are already stressed due to overfishing and pollution.

Reef fishes need the reefs for shelter and food, but the reef needs reef fishes in order to survive too. Without the fishes the delicate balance of the reef ecosystem is lost. Certain fish species in particular are crucial for reef survival. Parrotfishes should be “legally protected from fisheries, strictly enforcing fishing restrictions and educating the public on the ecological importance and economic benefits of wild parrotfish”, according to a 2014 IUCN report. Parrotfishes are known as scrapers. Their beaks are powerful tools to scrape fast-growing turf algae from the corals. Doing so they scrape clean and even bite off pieces of coral and in this way provide clean substrate for coral planulae to settle.

Grazers like surgeonfishes are herbivores that keep the growth of turf algae in check by grazing the reef substrate. Grazers limit the growth of macro algae, that would otherwise outcompete the corals for space and light on the reef.

Macro-algae are also known to limit the potential for coral planulae to settle on to the reef. Not only are they prevented to grow by grazers, they are also eaten by browsers should they have survived the grazers.

So without browsers, grazers and scrapers the reef would fast be overtaken by algae as we see happening in many areas surrounding Mauritius and elsewhere in the world.

Luckily, the solution is known. It is two-fold and easy enough to implement.

First of all, like the IUCN suggests, there needs to come a ban on fishing parrotfish and other crucial herbivorous reef fish species.  Those who oppose this should think about the fact that without a reef there won’t be any reef fishes anyway. So either act now or pay the terrible price in the near future.

Protection of reef fishes can be done by specific bans to fish certain species or by protecting entire regions by implementing no-take zones and thus protect the entire reef ecosystem of that area.

This solution will not have the desired effect in a timely manner if we do not add to it the second part of the plan: tackle pollution caused by nutrient-rich run-off from coastal development and agriculture. Obviously the logical thing to do is to stop using these polluting chemicals. In addition, Nature offers us a beautiful extra solution, if we only dare to open our eyes to see the beauty in its simplicity: the miracle plant called Vetiver.

This plant, a grass closely related to lemongrass, is so beneficial in many ways that it has been called the miracle plant. Its uses are known for more than 4 decades yet this knowledge has never  spread beyond a receptive few.

For if people knew and really saw what Vetiver could mean, all coastal areas all around the world would have surely been planted full with vetiver by now. I can only imagine that the simplicity of the plan turns people sceptic.

Here it is: Vetiver has meters long roots that purify water by trapping and absorbing toxicities, while at the same time the plant stabilises the soil and is thus an excellent weapon against erosion. On top of that Vetiver increases soil fertility and can be used in wetland restoration, agricultural improvement, erosion and sediment control, agrochemical pollution and climate change mitigation. Vetiver has been successfully used to rehabilitate coral reefs in Vanuatu, the Philippines and Guam, will be used to help save the Great Barrier Reef and I am hoping we can add Mauritius to that list in the near future.

So, dear reader, I invite you to submerge yourself in the wonderful world of Vetiver and plant this wonder in your garden, plantation, farm, hotel gardens, surrounding golf courses…. and help the beautiful coral reefs to survive!

Find out more at: www.vetiver.org

Jill Holloway lives in Mauritius and at Sodwana Bay Isimangaliso Wetland Park in South Africa. A PADI qualified Nitrox diver with over 1,500 dives, she is a passionate observer and preserver of the marine environment, and has a database of over 35,000 fish pics and hundreds of Gopro videos on fish behaviour, which she shares with her readers.

Marine Life & Conservation

Paul Watson Released as Denmark Blocks Japan’s Extradition Bid

Published

on

paul watson

Renowned anti-whaling activist Paul Watson has been released from custody in Greenland after spending five months in detention. Denmark’s Justice Ministry rejected Japan’s request for his extradition, citing insufficient guarantees that his time already served in custody would be credited against any potential sentence.

The 74-year-old Canadian-American was arrested on July 21 in Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, when his ship docked to refuel. His arrest was based on a 2012 Japanese warrant related to a 2010 encounter in Antarctic waters. Japan alleged Watson obstructed operations and caused damage to a whaling research ship during efforts to disrupt illegal whaling. Watson has consistently denied these claims, maintaining his commitment to marine conservation.

Denmark, which oversees extradition matters for Greenland, concluded that while the legal conditions for extradition were met, the lack of assurances from Japan regarding time-served credit made extradition untenable.

In a video shared by his foundation, Watson expressed gratitude and relief, saying, “After five months, it’s good to be out… and good to know they’re not sending me to Japan.” He added that the most difficult part of his time in custody was being separated from his two young sons.

Watson is a pioneering figure in marine conservation, known for founding the Captain Paul Watson Foundation in 2022 after decades of activism with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. His bold efforts to defend marine life have earned him widespread support, including from celebrities and conservationists. His work has also been featured in the acclaimed reality TV series Whale Wars.

Watson’s lawyer, Jonas Christoffersen, praised the decision, stating, “We are happy and relieved that Paul Watson is now free.” He added that Watson is eager to reunite with his family and continue his vital work.

The arrest occurred while Watson’s vessel, the M/Y John Paul DeJoria, was en route to the North Pacific with a team of 26 volunteers to intercept a Japanese whaling ship. His foundation described the arrest as politically motivated and emphasized that Watson’s actions were focused on ending illegal whaling practices.

Japan resumed commercial whaling in 2019 after leaving the International Whaling Commission, asserting that whale meat is a cultural tradition. Conservationists, however, continue to challenge these practices, highlighting their impact on marine ecosystems.

Despite the challenges, Watson remains steadfast in his mission to protect marine life and bring attention to whaling practices. His dedication to ocean conservation has made him a globally respected advocate for the environment.

Continue Reading

Marine Life & Conservation

12 Days of Zero-Waste Fish-mas

Published

on

marine conservation society

This holiday period, the Marine Conservation Society, the UK’s leading ocean membership charity, invites you to make some simple changes to eating fish this Christmas to help our seas.

Dr Kenneth Bodles, Head of Fisheries and Aquaculture at the Marine Conservation Society, said, “During the festive season, our consumption increases, but so does waste. Sustainability isn’t just about where food comes from – it’s also about how you use it. By reducing waste and making the most out of your seafood, you’re not only taking steps to be more ocean-friendly, but can also help to cut costs during what is often one of the most expensive times of the year”.

The Marine Conservation Society has compiled twelve tips on how to consume seafood sustainably with zero-waste this Christmas:

Buy whole fish instead of fillets

Instead of fillets, consider buying whole fish such as salmon, hake, or lemon sole. By adopting a “nose to tail” approach with cooking, whole-baked fish not only feeds a crowd, but also helps to minimise waste and maximise sustainability by using up every part of the animal, including bones, skin, and fat.

Make fish stock

Leftover fish bones or shells can be put to good use by boiling them to make a nourishing fish stock or bisque. This can be frozen and preserved for later use and makes for a flavourful base in a soup.

Make your own fish pâté

Avoid waste by turning leftover fish, such as smoked mackerel or salmon, into a delicious pâté by blending with cream cheese and lemon. Perfect when paired with crackers.

The sustainability of salmon and mackerel varies depending on where and how it is caught or farmed. For more information on green-rated options, check the charity’s Good Fish Guide.

Buy frozen

By purchasing seafood that is frozen or vacuum-packed, this helps to reduce waste by extending the shelf life of your food.

Fish pie

If you’re wondering what to do with leftover cooked fish, why not opt for a classic fish pie with mashed potatoes, leeks, and a cheesy sauce? A sure crowd pleaser on Boxing Day.

Use the head

Don’t forget the fish head! The meat is incredibly tender and flavourful. The charity recommends a cod’s head curry or recreating Fallow’s renowned cod’s head in siracha butter.

By stretching your ingredients further, not only is this a more sustainable way to enjoy seafood, but also cost-effective by repurposing leftovers and cooking creatively.

Boxing Day brunch

Mix leftover kippers or smoked salmon with scrambled eggs for a tasty, zero-waste, Boxing Day brunch.

For best choice, make sure you buy kippers, or herring, from the North Sea and the North Irish Sea.

Zero-waste storage

A top tip from the Marine Conservation Society to avoid waste is freezing fish offcuts to save for future use.

Crisp up the skin

Even leftover fish skin can be turned into a quick savoury snack by crisping it up in an air fryer with a little olive oil and salt.

Anchovies two ways

Leftover anchovies can either be blended with butter to make a delicious anchovy butter or tossed into pasta for a hit of umami flavour.

The charity recommends opting for anchovies caught in the Bay of Biscay for best choice.

Fishcakes

For an easy, zero-waste meal, leftover seafood trimmings can be mixed with mash and fried in breadcrumbs to make fishcakes.

Pickled mussels

Try pickling mussels in 1:1 vinegar and water, with a dash of sugar for a sustainable, zero-waste snack that can be enjoyed well beyond the festive season.

Mussels farmed in the UK are a seafood superhero. Grown using low-impact methods and harvested by hand, they get all the food they need from the sea around them. This makes them one of the most sustainable, ocean-friendly, and cost-effective seafood options.

Players of People’s Postcode Lottery have raised £6.6M towards the Marine Conservation Society’s vital work in making seafood more sustainable.

Laura Chow, Head of Charities at People’s Postcode Lottery, said: “Fish is a festive favourite for many, but making sustainable choices when it comes to how we buy and eat seafood makes all the difference for our ocean. Support from players of People’s Postcode Lottery has helped the Marine Conservation Society further its sustainable seafood work, so that we can all enjoy healthier, better protected seas.”

The Marine Conservation Society encourages you to make sustainable seafood choices a year-round habit, not just for Christmas. To check how sustainable the seafood on your plate is, you can visit the charity’s Good Fish Guide. The Guide helps consumers and businesses identify the most sustainable seafood using a simple traffic light system, based on where and how species are caught or farmed. Green is the best choice, amber means improvements are needed, and red indicates fish to avoid buying.

Zero-waste gift idea

Why not embrace a zero-waste Christmas by gifting a membership to support marine conservation? It’s a meaningful, low-waste gift that helps protect our ocean for generations to come. Memberships start from as little as £5 a month – the price of a sandwich and drink from your local coffee shop.

Find the latest sustainable seafood advice for wild-caught and farmed seafood on the Good Fish Guide, downloadable to your phone from www.mcsuk.org/goodfishguide.

Continue Reading

E-Newsletter Sign up!

Instagram Feed

Shortcode field is empty!Shortcode field is empty!

Popular