News
Mark Milburn’s Cornish Wreck Ramblings, Part 1: Accuracy, inaccuracy and alternative co-ordinates
We are in a marvellous age of technology, where we can pinpoint a needle in a haystack within inches. In the days before GPS and even Decca, there were transits. Transits can be good or bad; a good transit can be as accurate as any GPS. A bad transit is just bad.
I once went looking for a plane wreck. It hadn’t been dived for a long time, and we wanted to see what was left. It was a forty five minute boat ride but the transits were supposed to be good. We had to line up a telegraph pole with the third tree, out of four, in the hedge behind.
Something had happened to one of the trees; there were now only three, all spaced out a little… so which one was the original third tree? We used the sounder to look but found nothing, so we guessed at one of the trees…. and found sand. So a good transit had gone bad!
Decca was an improvement over transits when you were further offshore. Towards the end of its life, the last version of Decca was quite good, but eventually GPS took over. GPS was a little all over the place to start with, so along came Differential GPS (DGPS), which used a known fixed local transmitter to correct any errors. These errors were deliberate errors used by the Americans, so the rest of the world would be at a disadvantage. Once the Americans no longer added their “fudge factor”, the D was no longer needed.
So, what could possibly go wrong now? A few years ago, there was a news item on the BBC about a wreck called the Antoinette. It had become exposed as the sand shifted in the Camel Estuary. The report stated it was on the Doom Bar; it also stated that the bomb squad had been tasked with removing the remains of the wreck as they were a hazard to shipping. I headed over with my camera, but found nothing, just sand. I then headed back to Padstow to say ‘Hi’ to the staff at the lobster hatchery. While there, I could see something going on in the middle of the river. I was told it was the bomb squad about to blow a wreck up. But that was Town Bar not the Doom Bar – they are over a mile apart. Not the most accurate of reporting! That was quite recent though; when looking for old wrecks, with old information, the difference could be a lot worse.
Surely though, modern GPS is infallible? It is very good, as long as the numbers are accurate. They could be written down wrong, accidentally or deliberately. They could be from an alternative dataset. Most people use WGS 84, World Geodetic System, which originated in 1984. Some people don’t.
Myself and some friends wanted to dive the wreck of the St George, which lays twenty miles off shore in a depth of sixty five metres, and we wanted an accurate position. We asked around, got some accurate marks, and headed out. Once in the area, we watched the sounder as we went over the co-ordinates, but all we found was a flat sea bed. We repeated this several times, but still nothing. Time was running out to dive at slack water, but the sea bed was completely flat all around us.
Then one of us remembered that the person who gave us the co-ordinates liked to use OSGB 36, a different dataset. We quickly changed the GPS to OSGB and headed off. We arrived at the new location, and lo and behold, there was the wreck. So the co-ordinates were right… just an alternative right.
So, every form of position fixing has potential errors. Sometimes, there is nothing you can do about it… except guess!
Find out more about Mark and Atlantic Scuba at www.atlanticscuba.co.uk.
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Renowned anti-whaling activist Paul Watson has been released from custody in Greenland after spending five months in detention. Denmark’s Justice Ministry rejected Japan’s request for his extradition, citing insufficient guarantees that his time already served in custody would be credited against any potential sentence.
The 74-year-old Canadian-American was arrested on July 21 in Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, when his ship docked to refuel. His arrest was based on a 2012 Japanese warrant related to a 2010 encounter in Antarctic waters. Japan alleged Watson obstructed operations and caused damage to a whaling research ship during efforts to disrupt illegal whaling. Watson has consistently denied these claims, maintaining his commitment to marine conservation.
Denmark, which oversees extradition matters for Greenland, concluded that while the legal conditions for extradition were met, the lack of assurances from Japan regarding time-served credit made extradition untenable.
In a video shared by his foundation, Watson expressed gratitude and relief, saying, “After five months, it’s good to be out… and good to know they’re not sending me to Japan.” He added that the most difficult part of his time in custody was being separated from his two young sons.
Watson is a pioneering figure in marine conservation, known for founding the Captain Paul Watson Foundation in 2022 after decades of activism with the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. His bold efforts to defend marine life have earned him widespread support, including from celebrities and conservationists. His work has also been featured in the acclaimed reality TV series Whale Wars.
Watson’s lawyer, Jonas Christoffersen, praised the decision, stating, “We are happy and relieved that Paul Watson is now free.” He added that Watson is eager to reunite with his family and continue his vital work.
The arrest occurred while Watson’s vessel, the M/Y John Paul DeJoria, was en route to the North Pacific with a team of 26 volunteers to intercept a Japanese whaling ship. His foundation described the arrest as politically motivated and emphasized that Watson’s actions were focused on ending illegal whaling practices.
Japan resumed commercial whaling in 2019 after leaving the International Whaling Commission, asserting that whale meat is a cultural tradition. Conservationists, however, continue to challenge these practices, highlighting their impact on marine ecosystems.
Despite the challenges, Watson remains steadfast in his mission to protect marine life and bring attention to whaling practices. His dedication to ocean conservation has made him a globally respected advocate for the environment.
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